Hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships of Marcopoloichthys furreri sp. nov. among neopterygians based on 138 characters and three outgroup taxa. Strict consensus tree of 84 most parsimonious trees: three length 464 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.3491 and retention index (RI) = 0.6696. An asterisk identifies a uniquely derived character. Node A (crown Neopterygii) is supported by the following synapomorphies: supraorbital bone present; supramaxilla present; expanded dorsal lamina in the maxilla lost (*); nasal bones joined in midline; interopercle present; supracleithrum nearly as deep as posterior margin of opercle (Ch. 102[0]); no segmented procurrent rays in dorsal lobe of caudal fin (Ch. 109[0]); and lateral line scales as deep as, or slightly deeper than, those scales above and below (Ch. 124[0]). Node B (Teleosteomorpha): supraoccipital present (*); mobile premaxilla present (*); two supramaxillae present (*); vomers fused in adults into a single bone (*); elongated posteroventral process of quadrate present (*); uroneural(s) present (*); cycloid type of scales present (*); and leading margins of the caudal fins formed by the first and last principal rays (*). Homoplasies supporting this node are: basipterygoid process absent; internal carotid foramen on parasphenoid present; single supraorbital bone; suture between opercle and subopercle greatly inclined; origin of dorsal fin slightly posterior or just in front to pelvic fin origin; and fringing fulcra absent on pectoral fins.