Geographic and stratigraphic information on the Shuiquan Gully locality (red triangle). A–C. Location of the collecting site, on A. The palaeogeographic map of early Permian (Cisuralien); B. The map of Shanxi Province, China; C. The map of Shuiquan Gully locality, Yangquan City. D. Chronological framework of the Early Permian strata according to Shen S. et al. (2020), Shen B. et al. (2022) and Sun et al. (2022), with indication of the fossil horizon (abbreviations: HSL, Houshi Limestone; QSL, Qianshi Limestone; SJSL, Sijieshi Limestone). Scale bars: 150 km (B); 1 km (C). The palaeogeographic map of early Permian (Cisuralien), redrawn by A. Lethiers (CR2P, Paris, from reconstruction by R. Blakey. All Chinese maps data source, Tianditu (www.tianditu.gov.cn, 2024/05/08).